Of the most important aspects that distinguish the temple of Abu Simbel from other temples of the ancient Egyptians enter the sunlight early in the morning to place inside the so - called " holy of holiest " and access to the four statues , illuminate this place deep in the rock and away from the entrance by about sixty meters . ! !
In the sixth hour and twenty five minutes on February 21, or five o'clock and five and fifty minutes on October 21 of each year sneaking Sunbeam to fall over the face of King Ramses flood of light fills the facial features the face of the pharaoh in his room in the holy of holiest in the heart of the temple, and then multiplies Sunbeam quickly forming a beam of light shining faces of the four statues inside the holy of holiest .
It is worth mentioning that the incidence of the sun passes over the Statue of Ramses was happening on 21 October and 21 February before 1964 , however, after the transfer of uncut after the temple of Abu Simbel to save him from drowning under the waters of the High Dam Lake in the early sixties from its old location , which was carved into the mountain to the its current location, has become this phenomenon is repeated on 22 October and 22 February, so as to change the latitude and longitude after the transfer of the temple 120 meters west and up 60 meters , where the intervention of the sun from the front temple to go a distance of 200 meters to reach the holy of holiest to light three statues of the four in inside, they statue of Ra Hur sister sun god , and the statue of Ramses II , which is equal with God , and the statue of Amon god of Thebes in that era, the statue fourth of the god Ptah, the Lord of Memphis and patron of art and artists and the god of the underworld not reach of sunlight , because it must be kept in the dark darkness like condition in the nether world sunlight is then cut 60 meters to تتعامد on the statue of King Ramses II and the statue of Amon Ra god of Thebes , maker of a framework around the statues a length of 355 cm and 185 cm .
Astronomical explanation for the phenomenon
The progress of the ancient Egyptians in astronomy .. Confirms the full benefit of astronomy phenomena in public life and they knew the characteristics of sunrise and sunset and timing , location and length of the solar year .
Sun passes over the Temple of Abu Simbel twice a year based on the scientific fact discovered by the ancient Egyptians is that the sunrise from East Point completely and sunset from the point of the West completely on atheist and the twentieth of March and then change point rise by a quarter- degree almost every day to the north , where up at sunrise to a point about 23 degrees and 27 minutes north of the East in the twenty-second of June. Ramses 2
That the sun is back again shines from East Point in exactly the same rate moves towards the north to reach the point of the Middle completely in the atheist and the twentieth of September, and then point changes Sunrise rate a quarter degree almost to the south to become a 23 degrees and 27 minutes south of the East in the second twenty of the month of December of each year and then return the same rate to reach East Point entirely in the twenty - first of March.
Based on the ancient Egyptians in the discovery that the sun passes on every point during sunrise and sunset twice each year , and that the distance between them vary depending on the time after every point for East Point completely.
And that the sun passes over the face of Ramses II twice a year , on the twenty-second of the month of October and the twenty-second of February, came as a result of choosing the ancient Egyptians point in the path of Sunrise away from the points on track with a time of four months to comply with the October 22 and 22 February every year and then they built the temple so that the direction of the path that the intervention of the sun on the face of Ramses II from the east of the narrow slot . And that the ancient Egyptians made this slot so tight If you go into the sun in the day and fell on the face of the statue next day they deviate a small deviation of quarterly degrees and this fall the next day rays on the wall of the hole does not fall off the face of the statue .
Finder phenomenon
Phenomenon was discovered in 1874 where she explored Amelia Eduarz and the team accompanying her to monitor this phenomenon and recorded in her book, published in 1899 ( thousand miles on the Nile ), which reads in part: become statues of the holy of holiest high-impact and surrounded by a halo beautiful prestige and dignity at sunrise and fall rays on them, Her any scenes if not watching the fall of the sun this deeply doubt impact the strong calculated accurately by astronomy and the account when the ancient Egyptians, where as accurately and face towards a certain angle so that the fall of these rays on the faces of the statues of the four .